Intro to C

A little bit of history

C and C++: at the beginning

  • [1972] - Developed in parallel to UNIX

    • UNIX: Operating System multi-task and multi-user (le shell)

    • Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson

    • Come after the language B, brings notably the notion of types

  • [1978] The C Programming Language (the book)

    • Dennis Ritchie et Brian Kernighan

  • [1979] C with classes (Will become C++)

    • Bjarne Stroustrup (After his PhD Thesis)

  • [1987] GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) support C++

    • It is the first (natively)

    • Today: GNU project C and C++ Compiler

Norm o C

  • [1983] group creation part of ANSI

    • American National Standards Institute

  • [1989] ANSI C or C89 (with minor evolution)

  • [1990] adoption of C89 by ISO (C90)

    • International Organization for Standardization

  • [1999] New evolution of the ISO norm (C99)

    • Variable size table, increments of floating point variables ...

    • Increase of the standard library

  • [2011] New evolution of the ISO norm (C11)

    • Multi-thread, generic type...

C++ norm evolves in parallel:

  • C++98, C++03, C++11 (et C++14)

Sources : fr.wikipedia.org - en.wikipedia.org

Philosophy

Language C and C++

Close to the machine, more or less expressive

An imperative programming language:

...
Instruction;
instruction;
instruction;
...

Main differences in C++

Addition

Limit

+ Notions of POO

- Not supported on all hardware architectures

+ Templates and STL

- Not the same strictness as other object languages

+ Still close to the machine

- Different behaviors fct(compiler, architectures)

Online resources

Understand with Wikipedia :

Courses, tutorials, forums :

Tools :

  • GNU_Compiler_Collection

    • Windows: Minimalist GNU for Windows (with GCC) : MinGW

  • IDE (Integrated Development Environment) Dédié

  • IDE Générique

    • Visual Studio Code

    • ATOM

    • ...

  • Debugger:

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